Mohammed the Slave-Owner


  Mary the Copt


  Kidnapping Raids


  The Kingdom


  Thy Right Hand


  The Good Side


  Black Slaves


  Naught But a Sinner


  Islamic History



Mary the Christian Slave-Girl from Egypt

Mohammed ibn Abdallah was given a very special gift: Mary the Christian Slave-Girl from Egypt. He could have answered his benefactors in this way: 'How revolting! Do you seriously think you can give one human being to another, as if she were a thing rather than a person? Has anyone bothered to solicit this young lady's consent? What does she want to do with her life?' But he did not.

According to the best Muslim biographers, this remarkable woman never converted to Islam, though she must have been under pressure to do so. Giving birth to Mohammed's son Ibrahim raised her status, though the young boy sadly did not survive to adulthood.

Kidnapping Raids

Not only was Mohammed ibn Abdallah willing to accept a slave-girl as a gift, he and his followers were ready, willing and able to enslave formerly free women and children through unprovoked kidnapping raids:

"Narrated Ibn Aun:

"I wrote a letter to Nafi and Nafi wrote in reply to my letter that the Prophet had suddenly attacked Bani Mustaliq without warning while they were heedless and their cattle were being watered at the places of water. Their fighting men were killed and their women and children were taken as captives; the Prophet got Juwairiya on that day. Nafi said that Ibn 'Umar had told him the above narration and that Ibn 'Umar was in that army." (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 3, Book 46, Number 717).

The Kingdom

Saudi Arabia only got around to abolishing slavery in the 1960's:

"Some parts of Africa and much of the Islamic world retained slavery at the end of World War I. For this reason the League of Nations and later the United Nations took the final extinction of slavery to be one of their obligations. . .After World War II the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention of Human Rights proclaimed the immorality and the illegality of slavery. Slavery was abolished in most Islamic countries, although it persisted in Saudi Arabia into the 1960s. It finally was made illegal in the Arabian Peninsula in 1962." (Encyclopedia Britannica online).

Mohammed ibn Abdallah's own personal example explains the delay in abolishing slavery in the Islamic world and Saudi Arabia. This individual is held up to the emulation of all mankind in the Koran, and he was a slave-owner.


Need a Koran?


Right Hand

The Koran cannot be mistaken for an anti-slavery tract. Specific provision is made, in God's own voice, for the continuation of this institution:

  • “O Prophet! we allow thee thy wives whom thou hast dowered, and the slaves whom thy right hand possesseth out of the booty which God hath granted thee, and the daughters of thy uncle, and of thy paternal and maternal aunts who fled with thee to Medina, and any believing woman who hath given herself up to the Prophet, if the Prophet desired to wed her — a Privilege for thee above the rest of the Faithful.”
  • (Koran Sura 33:49).

It may be objected, doesn't the Bible also specifically allow slavery? The Biblical evidence is often presented in a one-sided and tendentious manner, ignoring all that is intended to limit and ameliorate this once nearly universal human institution, and high-lighting instead every permissive loop-hole. It is not by accident that Christian nations led the charge to abolish slavery, with the Muslim world bringing up to the rear:


Young Mohammed recognized by the Monk Bahira


The Good Side

In fairness to Mohammed, his thoughts on this subject were not uniformly unenlightened; he encouraged manumission, particularly of Muslim slaves:

"Narrated Abu Huraira:

"The Prophet said, "If somebody manumits a Muslim slave, Allah will save from the Fire every part of his body for freeing the corresponding parts of the slave's body, even his private parts will be saved from the Fire) because of freeing the slave's private parts." (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 8, Book 79, Number 706).

Slaves who fled from hostile pagan tribes to the Muslim community were not returned to their pagan masters:

"If any slave or female slave emigrated from them [the pagans] to the Muslims, then they would be considered free persons (not slaves) and they would have the same rights as given to other emigrants." (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 63, Number 210.)

So Muslim doctrine and practice in this area, though nothing to boast of, is not uniformly negative.

Black Slaves

The affinity certain groups, like Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam, feel for Mohammed ibn Abdallah is difficult to understand, given that he was a white man who kept black slaves. A white man:

"Narrated Anas bin Malik: While we were sitting with the Prophet in the mosque, a man came riding on a camel. He made his camel kneel down in the mosque, tied its foreleg and then said: 'Who amongst you is Muhammad?' At that time the Prophet was sitting amongst us (his companions) leaning on his arm. We replied, 'This white man reclining on his arm.'" (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 3, Number 63).

. . .who kept black slaves:

"So I went to the upper room where the Prophet was and requested to a black slave of his: 'Will you get the permission of (Allah's Apostle) for Umar (to enter)?' The slave went in, talked to the Prophet about it and came out saying, 'I mentioned you to him but he did not reply."'" (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 3, Book 43, Number 648.)

"Narrated 'Umar: "I came and behold, Allah's Apostle was staying on an attic room and a black slave of Allah's Apostle was at the top if its stairs. I said to him, '(Tell the Prophet) that here is 'Umar bin Al-Khattab (asking for permission to enter).' Then he admitted me." (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 9, Book 91, Number 368.)

"Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle was on a journey and he had a black slave called Anjasha, and he was driving the camels (very fast, and there were women riding on those camels). Allah's Apostle said, 'Waihaka (May Allah be merciful to you), O Anjasha! Drive slowly (the camels) with the glass vessels (women)!'" (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 8, Book 73, Number 182.)

Reportedly the word for 'black' and 'slave' in Arabic is 'abd,' so it is redundant to say 'black slave.'




Naught But a Sinner

It is not so surprising that a man who lived in seventh century Arabia saw nothing wrong with slavery. It was not an enlightened time or place. Mohammed was naught but a sinner, but unfortunately he was not saved by grace. The Koran concedes his erring ways and need for forgiveness:

"Therefore be steadfast thou and patient; for true is the promise of God: and seek pardon for thy fault, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord at evening and at morning." (Koran Sura 40:57).

"Know, then, that there is no god but God: and ask pardon for thy sin, and for believers, both men and women. God knoweth your busy movements, and your final resting-places." (Koran Sura 47:21).

"In token that God forgiveth thy earlier and later faults, and fulfilleth His goodness to thee, and guideth thee on the right way, and that God succoreth thee with a mighty succor." (Koran Sura 48:2-3).

"God forgive thee! Why didst thou give them leave to stay behind, ere they who make true excuses had become known to thee, and thou hadst known the liars?" (Koran Sura 9:43).

Sura 80 of the Koran is devoted to scolding Mohammed for his rudeness to a blind man:

"He FROWNED, and he turned his back,
Because the blind man came to him!
But what assured thee that he would not be cleansed by the Faith,
Or be warned, and the warning profit him?
As to him who is wealthy —
To him thou wast all attention:
Yet is it not thy concern if he be not cleansed:
But as to him who cometh to thee in earnest,
And full of fears —
Him dost thou neglect." (Sura 80:1-10).

What folly to make this fallible man into an idol, holding him up as if he were the perfect man, a grand example for all to follow! In the modern world, imitating this man can actually get you into legal trouble. He married a nine-year old girl:

  • “Narrated Aisha:

    “The Prophet engaged me when I was a girl of six (years). We went to Medina and stayed at the home of Bani-al-Harith bin Khazraj. Then I got ill and my hair fell down. Later on my hair grew (again) and my mother, Um Ruman, came to me while I was playing in a swing with some of my girl friends. She called me, and I went to her, not knowing what she wanted to do to me. She caught me by the hand and made me stand at the door of the house. I was breathless then, and when my breathing became all right, she took some water and rubbed my face and head with it. Then she took me into the house. There in the house I saw some Ansari women who said, 'Best wishes and Allah's Blessing and a good luck.' Then she entrusted me to them and they prepared me (for the marriage). Unexpectedly Allah's Apostle came to me in the forenoon and my mother handed me over to him, and at that time I was a girl of nine years of age.”
  • (Hadith Sahih Bukhari, Volume 5, Book 58, Number 234).

In response, Muslim apologists such as Yahya Snow assert that the Bible fixes the age of consent at puberty, citing Ezekiel 16:4-14. This Bible passage, recounting God's love for Jerusalem personified as a wife, does imply that there is an age of consent: "Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, behold, thy time was the time of love. . ." (Ezekiel 16:8), however it does not fix that age, either at puberty or at any other time. The rabbis who authored the Talmud established the age of consent on their own authority, not relying upon any Biblical definition. There is no evidence that Aisha, at the age of nine, had attained puberty, but it is not impossible that she had. Moreover Yahya Snow cites the Catholic Encyclopedia in evidence that Joseph was aged ninety when he married Mary, aged twelve to fourteen. But there is no reliable historical information to this effect, and the narratives relied upon were crafted to establish Mary's perpetual virginity! This is a Catholic belief incomprehensible to Muslims. The article cited itself says, "These dreams, as St. Jerome styles them. . .are void of authority. . ." It is likely the creative authors chose these ages for Joseph and Mary precisely to make it impossible for the reader to believe this marriage was ever consummated. Biographical information made up in the first place to establish the non-consummation of a marriage cannot be offered as evidence for the appropriate age for consummation of a marriage!

   Mary   Mary: Perpetual Virgin?

Nations such as Saudi Arabia are left unable to join the civilized world's preference for an age of consent in the range of 14-16 years, because they must follow Mohammed ibn Abdallah's unworthy example. Instead of defending the indefensible, Muslim apologists would be doing their own societies a favor by remaining silent on this issue. A little girl playing with dolls should not be forced into marriage, neither in the seventh century nor today. One poor little girl begged, "'Save me. I don't want him,' she cried." (Al Arabiya News, January 17, 2010.)




Islamic History

For a history of Mohammed's ideas about society: war and peace, the slave and the free,— and how they played out in the real world, see:

Washington Irving
Mohammed and His
Successors
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